Antibiotics can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the intestinal tract, and one of the most common and dangerous results is infection with C. difficile, bacteria that can cause diarrhea, colitis and even death. Now a review of studies has found that probiotics — beneficial microorganisms introduced into the gut — can reduce the risk.
Researchers, writing online this month in the Annals of Internal Medicine, pooled data from 20 randomized controlled trials that compared a course of probiotics with a placebo or no treatment on the incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
The studies used several types of the probiotics Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus, and the doses varied. Compared with placebo or no treatment, higher and lower doses of these probiotics were more effective in preventing diarrhea in both adults and children. Ingesting more than one species at a time produced an even greater benefit.
Over all, the researchers found, probiotics reduced the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea by 66 percent.
"The take-home message is that it appears that probiotics are highly underutilized in hospitalized older adults," said the lead author, Bradley C. Johnston, an epidemiologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.
Preventing C. difficile-associated diarrhea in this population, he continued, might require more than hand-washing and surface-cleaning.
This post has been revised to reflect the following correction:
Correction: November 21, 2012
Because of an editing error, a report in the Vital Signs column on Tuesday about the use of probiotics to reduce the risk of a type of diarrhea by 66 percent described Saccharomyces incorrectly. It is a genus of yeasts, not a bacteria.
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