"Science," a colleague once said at a meeting, "is a mighty enterprise, which is really rather quite topical." He was so right: as we continue to enhance our coverage of the scientific world, we always aim to keep the latest news front and center.
His observation seemed like a nice way to introduce this column, which will highlight the week's developments in health and science news and glance at what's ahead. This past week, for instance, the mighty enterprise of science addressed itself to such newsy topics as the flu (there's still time to get vaccinated!), and mental illness and gun control.
In addition to the big-headline stories that invite wisdom from scientists, each week there is a drumbeat of purely scientific and medical news that emerges from academic journals, fieldwork and elsewhere. These developments, from the quirky to the abstruse, often make their way into the daily news cycle, depending on the strength of the research behind them. (Well, that's how we judge them, anyway.)
Many discoveries are hard to unravel. "In a way, science is antithetical to everything that has to do with a newspaper," the same colleague observed. "You couldn't imagine anything less consumer-friendly."
Let's aim to fix that. Below, a selection of the week's stories.
DEVELOPMENTS
Health
Strange, but Effective
People with a bacterial infection called Clostridium difficile — which kills 14,000 Americans a year — have a startling cure: a transplant of someone else's feces into their digestive system, which introduces good bacteria that the gut needs to fight off the bad. For some people, antibiotics don't fix this problem, but an infusion of diluted stool from a healthy person seems to do the trick.
Genetics
Dig We Must
Hillery Metz and Hopi Hoekstra/Harvard University
Evolutionary biologists at Harvard took a tiny species of deer mice, known for building elaborate burrows with long tunnels, and bred it with another species of deer mice, which builds short-tunneled burrows. Comparing the DNA of the original mice with their offspring, the biologists pinpointed four regions of genetic code that help tell the mice what kind of burrow to construct.
Aerospace
Launch, Then Inflate
Uncredited/Bigelow Aerospace, via Associated Press
NASA signed a contract for an inflatable space habitat — roughly pineapple-shaped, with walls of floppy cloth — that will ideally be appended to the International Space Station in 2015. NASA aims to use the pod to test inflatable technology in space, but the company that builds these things, Bigelow Aerospace, has bigger ambitions: think of a 12-person apartment and laboratory in the sky, with two months' rent at north of $26 million.
Biology
What's Green and Flies?
Jodi Rowley/Australian Museum
National Geographic reported on an Australian researcher working in Vietnam who discovered a great-looking new species of flying frog. Described as having flappy forearms (the better for gliding), the three-and-a-half-inch-long frog likes to "parachute" from tree to tree, Jodi Rowley, an amphibian biologist at the Australian Museum in Sydney, told the magazine. She named it Helen's Flying Frog, for her mother.
Privacy
That's Joe's DNA!
People who volunteer their genetic information for the betterment of science — and are assured anonymity — may find that their privacy is not a slam dunk. A researcher who set out to crack the identities of a few men whose genomes appeared in a public database was able to do so using genealogical Web sites (where people upload parts of their genomes to try to find relatives) as well as some simple search tools. He was trying to test the database's security, but even he did not expect it to be so easy.
Genetics
An On/Off Switch for Disease
Geneticists have long puzzled over what it is that activates a disease in one person but not in another — even in identical twins. Now researchers from Johns Hopkins and the Karolinska Institute in Sweden who studied people with rheumatoid arthritis have identified a pattern of chemical tags that tell genes whether to turn on or not. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the body, and it is thought the tags enable the attack.
Planetary Science
That Red Planet
Everybody loves Mars, and we're all secretly hoping that NASA's plucky little rover finds evidence of life there. Meanwhile, a separate NASA craft — the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been looping the planet since 2006 — took some pictures of a huge crater that looks as if it once held a lake fed by groundwater. It is too soon to say if the lake held living things, but NASA's news release did include the happy phrase "clues to subsurface habitability."
COMING UP
Animal Testing
Retiring Chimps
Emily Wabitsch/European Pressphoto Agency
A lot of people have strong feelings about the use of chimpanzees in biomedical and behavioral experiments, and the National Institutes of Health has been listening. On Tuesday, the agency is to release its recommendations for curtailing chimp research in a big way. This will be but a single step in a long process and it will apply only to the chimps the agency owns, but it may well stir big reactions from many constituencies.
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